Oral Presentation Asia-Pacific Vaccine and Immunotherapy Congress 2023

A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines (#30)

Joey Ming Er Lim 1 , Shou Kit Hang 1 , Smrithi Hariharaputran 1 , Adeline Chia 1 , Nicole Tan 1 , Eng Sing Lee 2 3 , Edwin Chng 4 , Poh Lian Lim 3 5 6 , Barnaby E Young 3 5 6 , David Chien Lye 3 5 6 7 , Nina Le Bert 1 , Antonio Bertoletti 1 8 , Anthony T Tan 1
  1. Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, SINGAPORE
  2. Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
  3. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
  4. Parkway Shenton Pte Ltd, Singapore
  5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
  6. National Center of Infectious Diseases, Singapore
  7. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
  8. Singapore Immunology Network, A∗STAR, Singapore

Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicit a lower magnitude of spike-specific T cells, but the combination of membrane, nucleoprotein, and spike-specific T cell response is quantitatively comparable with the sole spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccine, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific T cell response is not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selective priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in understanding the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.