Poster Presentation Asia-Pacific Vaccine and Immunotherapy Congress 2023

Development of a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients (#105)

Margaret Veitch 1 , Kim Beaumont 2 , Rebecca Pouwer 2 , Hui Yi Chew 1 , Brian W Dymock 2 , Andrew Harvey 2 , Terrie-Anne Cock 2 , James W Wells 1 3
  1. Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
  2. Queensland Emory Drug Discovery Initiative (QEDDI), UniQuest, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
  3. The Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA

Organ transplant recipients must take immunosuppressive drugs daily to prevent transplant rejection. As a consequence of the systemic impact of these drugs, transplant patients suffer a greatly increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. The most prescribed immunosuppressive drug in these patients is the calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus. We proposed to develop a first in class, topically applied, small molecule antagonist of tacrolimus for the treatment of SCC in organ transplant recipients. Our lead compound, Q-2361, reversed the anti-proliferative effects of tacrolimus on both mouse and human T cells in vitro. To investigate whether Q-2361 impacted T cell activation and tumour regression in vivo, Q-2361 was injected into SCC tumours growing in tacrolimus-suppressed mice. Q-2361 treatment significantly reduced tumour growth and increased mouse survival compared to controls. Analysis of regressing tumours revealed that Q-2361 significantly increased both the activation of CD8 T cells within tumours, and their expression of effector molecules including IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, when CD8 T cells were depleted in vivo, Q-2361 was no longer able to control tumour growth, indicating the mechanism of action of Q-2361 is via T cell activation. In summary, we demonstrate that the local application of Q-2361 mediates SCC regression in mice immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. Therefore, the topical application of Q-2361 warrants clinical evaluation for its capacity to prevent or reduce SCC growth in organ transplant recipients.